IQTISODIYOT VA SIYOSAT O’ZARO TA’SIRIDA MINTAQAVIY BIZNES ISTISNOLARI: SIYOSIY–IQTISODIY TAHLIL
Keywords:
siyosiy iqtisodiyot, mintaqaviy siyosat, biznes istisnolari, maxsus iqtisodiy zonalar, savdo istisnolari, subsidiya siyosati, renta izlash, siyosiy motivatsiya, korruptsiya, iqtisodiy samaradorlik, ijtimoiy adolat, O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti.Abstract
This article examines how the interplay between economics and politics shapes
regional business exception processes. It first reviews theories of political economy — classical,
Marxist, neoclassical and contemporary — explaining how political institutions influence
economic outcomes. It then analyses why electoral incentives and rent-seeking lead governments
to favour smaller regions through subsidies and other exceptions, often at the expense of overall
welfare. The political economy of special economic zones and trade exceptions is highlighted with
examples from global practice. The article also discusses how governance structures and
corruption affect business environment reforms. Using Uzbekistan’s modernization as a case study,
it explores state activism, the nascent private sector and the development of regional exception
regimes. The conclusion stresses the need to balance economic efficiency with social fairness when
designing regional business policies.
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