THE IMPACT OF THE CHINA–KYRGYZSTAN–UZBEKISTAN RAILWAY ON UZBEKISTAN’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: MECHANISMS, EFFECTS, AND POLICY RESPONSES
Kalit so‘zlar:
transnational project, economic efficiency, railway system, costs, economic growth, regional development, industrial development, regional integration.Annotatsiya
“Bir makon, bir yo‘l” tashabbusi doirasida transchegaraviy bog‘lanishning
eng muhim loyihasi sifatida Xitoy – Qirg‘iziston – O‘zbekiston temir yo‘lining qurilishi va
ekspluatatsiyasi ikki tomonlama dengizga chiqa olmaydigan mamlakat O‘zbekiston uchun
geografik cheklovlarni engib o‘tish va iqtisodiy o‘zgarishlarga erishish uchun strategik
imkoniyat yaratadi. Infratuzilma iqtisodiyoti va mintaqaviy integratsiya nazariyalariga
asoslanib, ushbu maqola "transport samaradorligini oshirish - savdo xarajatlarini kamaytirish -
qiymat zanjirini qayta qurish" tahliliy asosini yaratadi. O‘zbekistonning 2024-yildagi iqtisodiy
ma’lumotlarini, Osiyo taraqqiyot bankining hisob-kitob natijalarini va tipik sanoat holatlarini
jamlagan holda, temir yo‘lning O‘zbekiston makroiqtisodiyoti, sanoat tuzilmasi, mintaqaviy
rivojlanishi va tashqi hamkorlikka ta’sir qilish mexanizmi va potentsial ta’sirini tizimli ravishda
tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, temir yo‘l Xitoy va O‘zbekiston o‘rtasidagi yuk
tashish vaqtini 40 foizdan ko‘proq qisqartiradi, savdo xarajatlarini 12 foizdan 18 foizga
qisqartiradi va O‘zbekiston yalpi ichki mahsulotining yillik o‘sish sur’atini 1,2 – 1,8 foiz
punktga oshiradi; to‘qimachilik va qishloq xo‘jaligi kabi foydali tarmoqlarni aglomeratsiya
qilishga ko‘maklashish va yangi energetika va logistika kabi rivojlanayotgan tarmoqlarni
rivojlantirishni jadallashtirish; Andijon viloyati kabi hududlarning markaz funksiyalarini
mustahkamlash va mintaqaviy iqtisodiy muvozanatni mustahkamlash; O‘zbekiston va Xitoy va
Markaziy Osiyoning boshqa mamlakatlari o‘rtasidagi sanoat zanjirlarining
integratsiyalashuvini chuqurlashtirish. Shu bilan birga, loyiha geosiyosiy muvofiqlashtirish,
qo‘llab-quvvatlovchi vositalarning etarli emasligi va institutsional aloqa kabi muammolarga
duch kelmoqda. Shu bois, ushbu maqolada uch tomonlama muvofiqlashtirish mexanizmini
yaratish, logistika markazi tarmog‘ini yaxshilash va biznes muhitini optimallashtirish kabi
qarshi choralar va takliflar ilgari suriladi. Tadqiqot transchegaraviy infratuzilmaning iqtisodiy
ta'sirini tushunish uchun nazariy qo‘shimchalar berishi va temir yo‘ldan foydalanish orqali
O‘zbekistonning yuqori sifatli rivojlanishiga erishish uchun qaror qabul qilish uchun tavsiyalar
berishi mumkin.
Manbalar
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. Presidents of China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan Send Video Messages to Congratulate on the Signing of the Inter-Governmental Agreement on the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway Project [EB/OL]. – 6 June 2024.
China Railway. Inauguration Ceremony of the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway Project Held [EB/OL]. – 27 December 2024.
Zhang H., Li Q. The China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway and the Reshaping of the Central Asian Geopolitical Pattern from a Multi-Dimensional Perspective // Regional and Global Development. – 2025. – No. 1. – P. 45–62.
China Viewpoint. The China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway Paves the Way for a New Future of Integration and Development between China and Central Asia [EB/OL]. – 27 December 2024.
Dong W. et al. Research on the Economic Effects of Infrastructure Investment under the Belt and Road Initiative: Analysis of the Economic Mechanism and Policy Simulation of the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway // World Economy Study. – 2025. – No. 2. – P. 45–58.
Zhang H., Li Q. The China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway and the Reshaping of the Central Asian Geopolitical Pattern from a Multi-Dimensional Perspective // Russian, East European and Central Asian Studies. – 2025. – No. 3. – P. 67–82.
Asian Development Bank. Report on Cross-Border Infrastructure Development in Central Asia (2024) [R]. – Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2024.
World Bank. Development Paths for Double-Landlocked Countries: Transport Connectivity and Economic Growth [R]. – Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2023.
Lai Y. Structural Reforms in Uzbekistan Yield Remarkable Results // Economic Daily. – 22 February 2025. – P. 5.
China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. The China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway: A Strategic Bridge for Jointly Building the Belt and Road [EB/OL]. – 28 December 2024. – URL: China National Railway Group Co., Ltd..
Huanqiu International. The China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway Brings Three Major Benefits [EB/OL]. – 28 August 2025. – URL: Huanqiu International.
World Affairs Journal. The Strategic Value of the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway Is Extraordinary. Why Did It Take 25 Years to See a Turnaround? [EB/OL]. – 24 June 2024. – URL: World Affairs Journal.
Friedmann J. A General Theory of Polarizational Development // Papers of the Regional Science Association. – 1966. – Vol. 17, No. 1. – P. 19–49.
Gereffi G. International Trade and Industrial Upgrading in the Apparel Commodity Chain // Journal of International Economics. – 1999. – Vol. 48, No. 1. – P. 37–70.